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六五環(huán)境日前夕，生態(tài)環(huán)境部發(fā)布《2019中國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況公報(bào)》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“《公報(bào)》”）。公報(bào)重點(diǎn)介紹了2019年大氣、淡水、海洋、土地、自然生態(tài)、聲環(huán)境、輻射、氣候變化與自然災(zāi)害、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與能源狀況。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)司司長(zhǎng)柏仇勇在2日召開(kāi)的例行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)，近年來(lái)我國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境總體改善，藍(lán)天越來(lái)越多，水質(zhì)越來(lái)越清，生態(tài)越來(lái)越美。

公報(bào)顯示，全國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量改善成果進(jìn)一步鞏固，水環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善，海洋環(huán)境狀況穩(wěn)中向好，土壤環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)得到基本管控，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)格局整體穩(wěn)定，核與輻射安全有效保障。

大氣環(huán)境方面， 337個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市平均優(yōu)良天數(shù)比例為82.0%；PM2.5年平均濃度為36微克/立方米，同比持平。PM10年平均濃度為63微克/立方米，同比下降1.6%。

淡水環(huán)境方面，全國(guó)地表水Ⅰ—Ⅲ類水質(zhì)斷面比例為74.9%，同比上升3.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；劣Ⅴ類斷面比例為3.4%，同比下降3.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

海洋環(huán)境方面，海水質(zhì)量狀況持續(xù)改善，典型海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況基本穩(wěn)定，入海河流水質(zhì)狀況有所提升，海洋功能區(qū)環(huán)境滿足使用要求。

土地方面，截至2019年底，全國(guó)耕地按質(zhì)量平均等級(jí)為4.76等。其中，評(píng)價(jià)為一至三等的耕地面積為6.32億畝，占耕地總面積的31.24%；評(píng)價(jià)為四至六等的耕地面積為9.47億畝，占耕地總面積的46.81%；評(píng)價(jià)為七至十等的耕地面積為4.44億畝，占耕地總面積的21.95%。

氣候變化與自然災(zāi)害方面， 2019年，全國(guó)平均氣溫10.34攝氏度，比常年偏高0.79攝氏度。全國(guó)平均降水量645.5毫米，比常年偏多2.5%。全國(guó)未發(fā)生大范圍流域性暴雨洪澇災(zāi)害，總體上比常年偏輕。旱情比常年偏輕。

經(jīng)初步核算，2019年，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2018年降低4.1%，完成年度預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) released a Report on the State of the Ecology and Environment in China 2019. The report highlights both improvements and problems in such areas as air quality, fresh water, oceans, land and ecological environment, and calls for more efforts to protect blue skies, clean water and fertile soil.

"In recent years, the ecology and environment of our country has been improving. There have been more blue-sky days, better water quality and more beautiful ecotopes," said Bai Qiuyong, a senior official from the MEE.

Air quality continued to improve, with 337 cities at and above the prefecture-level reporting blue-sky days 82 percent of the year. The annual average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is  36μg/m³, the same as the level in the previous year, and that of PM10 registers 63μg/m³, a 1.6 percent drop over the previous year.

Surface water quality for the most part continued to improve. 74.9 percent of surface water is graded Class Ⅰ—Ⅲ (good quality) last year, up 3.9 percentage points from 2018, while that of Class V fell to 3.4 percent from 6.7 percent in 2018.

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP fell 4.1 percent in 2019 from the previous year, meeting the country's annual target, according to the report.

Considering lucid waters and lush mountains as invaluable assets, China has made great strides in tackling pollution and shifting to an environmentally friendly development path.